Attestation Rulebook for attestations of type Control
Category: non-qualified EAA
- Author(s):
- [Florin Coptil, Robert Bosch GmbH]
- [Stephan Fuchs, Deutsche Bank AG]
- Reviewer(s):
- [Baumgardt Michaela, Commerzbank]
- [Bastek-Margo Jenny, Commerzbank]
- [Fabrizio Notarnicola, Infocameere IT ]
- [Ricky Lamberty, Robert Bosch GmbH]
- [ , Bundesanzeiger ]
- [ Leone Riello , Infocert]
- Contact:
- Florin Coptil*
- Stephan Fuchs*
- Feedback:
| Version | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | 2026-10-02 | Restructured onto the generic WE BUILD attestation rulebook template (11 chapters). No normative content removed. |
Written against: ARF version 3.0.0, WE BUILD template version 1.0 (generic)
Feedback: GitHub issues
1 Introduction
This attestation addresses the following question:
Who exercises effective control over this legal entity?
A Controller is any natural person, legal entity, or legal arrangement that directly or indirectly exercises effective control over a legal entity.
1.1 Document scope and purpose
The Control Attestation records all natural persons, legal entities, and legal arrangements which have control, direct or indirect, in a legal entity, providing comprehensive transparency on control structures. This attestation is a critical component of both Know Your Customer (KYC) and Know Your Supplier (KYS) processes within the Wallet ecosystem, supporting effective risk management, regulatory compliance, and anti-money laundering (AML) obligations.
Design Decisions
This Control Attestation Rulebook is based on: - The EU Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR 2024/1624) as the primary regulatory driver for beneficial ownership and control transparency obligations - The EUDI Wallet ecosystem and eIDAS 2 framework as the digital identity infrastructure - The SD-JWT VC specification (draft-ietf-oauth-sd-jwt-vc-09) for verifiable credential encoding - ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 for country and jurisdiction codes - ISO 8601 for date formatting - ISO 17442 for Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) codes - Beneficial Ownership Data Standard (BODS) version 0.4
1.2 Document structure
This Rulebook follows the generic WE BUILD attestation rulebook template. Chapter 2 states how it complies with the ARF and the applicable Regulations. Chapters 3 and 4 define the attributes and metadata in an encoding-independent manner. Chapter 5 states the formats in which this attestation is issued. Chapters 6 to 9 cover protocols, issuance, revocation and presentation. Chapter 10 sets out the trust framework, and chapter 11 lists references.
1.3 Key words
This document uses the capitalised key words 'SHALL', 'SHOULD' and 'MAY' as specified in [RFC 2119], to indicate requirements, recommendations and options.
In addition, 'must' (non-capitalised) indicates an external constraint, a requirement not mandated by this document but by an external document. The word 'can' indicates a capability. Other words such as 'will', 'is' and 'are' are statements of fact.
1.4 Terminology
Additional terminology specific to this attestation:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Control | A comprehensive record of all natural and legal persons who exercise direct or indirect control over a legal entity, including control percentages and the mechanisms through which control is exercised |
| Controller | A natural person, legal entity, or legal arrangement that exercises control over a legal entity, either directly or indirectly |
| Direct Control | Control exercised directly by a person through ownership of voting shares, board membership, or executive roles in the subject entity |
| Indirect Control | Control exercised through one or more intermediary entities or contractual arrangements (e.g., control via a parent company, nominee arrangements, or proxy voting agreements) |
| Control Percentage | A quantitative measure of the degree of control a person exercises, typically based on voting rights percentage, board representation percentage, or other control metrics |
| Legal Arrangement | A trust, foundation, or similar structure that may exercise control over a legal entity. Includes roles such as settlor, trustee, protector, and beneficiary |
| Know Your Customer (KYC) | Due diligence process for verifying customer identity and assessing risk in financial relationships |
| Know Your Supplier (KYS) | Due diligence process for verifying supplier credentials, integrity, and risk exposure |
| Politically Exposed Person (PEP) | Individual entrusted with prominent public functions, posing higher risk for corruption or bribery |
| EU Company Certificate (EUCC) | Attestation establishing the legal existence and identity of a legal entity within the EU |
| Evidence | Supporting documentation substantiating the control structure (e.g., governance chart, shareholder agreement, articles of association, trust deed) |
| Identifier | A formal reference code used to uniquely identify a legal entity (e.g., EUID, LEI, national tax or registry number) |
| Controls | The sub-object within each Controller entry describing how control is exercised, including the mechanism type, level, basis, and associated rights |
2 Compliance
2.1 Compliance statement
This Rulebook complies with the applicable requirements of Topic 12, Attestation Rulebooks, in Annex 2 of the Architecture and Reference Framework, version 3.0.0. It uses the terminology of Annex 1 of the ARF.
2.2 Regulatory basis
This attestation is not a qualified electronic attestation of attributes. The data described in Annex V points b, c and e of Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 is addressed as required by EW-DM-12-018 and as recommended by EW-DM-12-020 and EW-DM-12-022. Where a recommendation is not followed, the reason is stated below.
Where the attestation is issued as a qualified electronic attestation of attributes, the trust model of chapter 10 applies in its qualified form and the legal category recorded in section 4.1 changes accordingly.
2.3 Traceability
Every applicable requirement mapped to the section that satisfies it. Requirements marked not applicable carry a stated reason.
| Requirement | Legacy ID | Applies | Satisfied in section | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EW-DM-12-001 | ARB_01a | yes | 5 | W3C VCDM permitted for this category; no encoding defined in this version |
| EW-DM-12-002 | ARB_01b | yes | 5.1 | SD-JWT VC following the HAIP profile |
| EW-DM-12-003 | ARB_02 | no | Proximity presentation is not in scope; mdoc is out of scope per section 5.2 | |
| EW-DM-12-005 | ARB_04 | no | No W3C VCDM encoding is defined in this version | |
| EW-DM-12-006 | ARB_05 | yes | 5.1 | Unique vct for this attestation type |
| EW-DM-12-007 | ARB_06 | yes | 3 | Attributes defined independently of encoding |
| EW-DM-12-008 | ARB_06a | no | No mdoc encoding is defined in this version | |
| EW-DM-12-009 | ARB_06b | yes | 5.1 | SD-JWT VC claim naming |
| EW-DM-12-010 | ARB_07 | yes | 3 | Attributes reused from the catalogued vocabulary where one exists |
| EW-DM-12-012 | ARB_09 | yes | 3, 4 | Mandatory, optional and conditional stated per attribute |
| EW-DM-12-013 | ARB_10 | no | No domestic namespace is defined | |
| EW-DM-12-014 | ARB_11 | no | Annex V and VII point a apply to QEAA and PuB-EAA | |
| EW-DM-12-015 | ARB_12 | yes | 4.1 | EAA indication for a non-qualified EAA |
| EW-DM-12-016 / EW-DM-12-017 / EW-DM-12-018 | ARB_13 / ARB_14 / ARB_15 | yes | 2.2, 4.1 | Point b, EW-DM-12-018 for the non-qualified case |
| EW-DM-12-019 / EW-DM-12-020 | ARB_16 / ARB_17 | yes | 2.2 | Point c, recommendation for non-qualified EAA |
| EW-DM-12-021 / EW-DM-12-022 | ARB_18 / ARB_19 | yes | 2.2, 4.2 | Point e, recommendation for non-qualified EAA |
| EW-DM-12-023 / EW-DM-12-024 | ARB_20 / ARB_21 | yes | 4.2, 10 | Trust anchor location and the trust framework |
| EW-DM-12-029 | ARB_25 | yes | 4.1 | Legal category attribute; see the note in section 4.1 |
| EW-DM-12-030 | ARB_26 | yes | 10 | Trust anchor publication for non-qualified EAA |
| EW-DM-12-031 | ARB_27 | no | This attestation does not require the Relying Party to verify a PID | |
| EW-DM-12-032 | ARB_28 | no | cryptographically_bound_to is not used by this attestation | |
| EW-DM-12-034 | ARB_30 | yes | 5.1 | Selective disclosure stated per claim |
| EW-DM-12-035 | ARB_31 | no | No Claim Selective Disclosure Metadata document is used | |
| EW-DM-12-038 | ARB_34 | yes | 7.1 | Device binding |
3 Attestation attributes
The Control Attestation is designed to provide a complete, verifiable representation of an entity's control structure in a standardised digital format. This attestation supports transparency, compliance, and risk management by enabling automated verification of effective control across complex, multi-tiered corporate structures where control may be exercised through diverse mechanisms beyond simple shareholding.
Attributes are defined here in an encoding-independent manner (EW-DM-12-007). The encoding of each attribute is given in chapter 5.
3.1 Introduction
The Controller model supports three distinct controller types: natural persons (Person),
legal entities (Entity with category = "legal_entity"), and legal arrangements (Entity
with category = "legal_arrangement", e.g., trusts, foundations).
Controller type classification:
| Controller Type | Description |
|---|---|
Person |
A natural person exercising control. Roles include: seniorManagingOfficial, boardMember, boardChair, nominee, nominator |
Entity |
A legal entity or legal arrangement exercising control, further categorised by entity.category |
Controller entity category classification (applicable when type = "Entity"):
| Entity Category | Description |
|---|---|
legal_entity |
A formally registered legal entity (e.g., holding company) exercising control. Mechanisms include: voting_rights, appointment_rights, agreements, dominance, contractual |
legal_arrangement |
A trust, foundation, or other legal arrangement exercising control. Roles within include: settlor, trustee, protector, beneficiaryOfLegalArrangement |
Data Model:
The Controller follows a hierarchical structure:
Controller [1..n] // The person or entity exercising control
├─ type (enum) (M) // "Person" | "Entity"
├─ jurisdiction (tstr) (M) // ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
├─ person (O, conditional on type="Person")
│ ├─ first_name (tstr) (M)
│ ├─ surname (tstr) (M)
│ └─ birth_date (date) (O) // ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD
├─ entity (O, conditional on type="Entity")
│ ├─ category (enum) (M) // "legal_entity" | "legal_arrangement"
│ ├─ name (tstr) (M)
│ ├─ identifier [1..n] (M) // At least one identifier required
│ │ ├─ type:euid (str) value(O) // European Unique Identifier
│ │ ├─ type:lei (str) value(O) // Legal Entity Identifier per ISO 17442
│ │ ├─ type:tax (str) value(O) // National tax or registration number
│ │ └─ type:other (str) value(O) // Any other applicable identifier
│ ├─ jurisdiction (tstr) (M) // ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
│ ├─ legal_form (tstr) (M)
│ ├─ form (tstr) (M) // See Section 2.8.8 -> legal_form (see XLS from Finnland)
│ └─ subtype_info (object) (O) // Mandatory when category = "legal_arrangement"
│ ├─ settlement (tstr) (M) // Founding instrument or trust deed
│ ├─ purpose (tstr) (M) // Declared purpose of the arrangement
│ ├─ assets (tstr) (M) // Assets held within the arrangement
│ └─ reason_for_registration (tstr) (O) // Optional reason for formal registration
├─ address (Address) (M) // Residential (Person) or registered (Entity)
│ ├─ street (tstr) (M)
│ ├─ house_number (tstr) (M)
│ ├─ locality (tstr) (M)
│ ├─ region (tstr) (M)
│ ├─ postal_code (tstr) (M)
│ └─ country (tstr) (M) // ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
├─ controls (M) // How control is exercised
│ ├─ type [enum] [1..n] (M) // See Section 2.8.3
│ ├─ level (tstr) (M) // "direct" | "indirect" | "joint" | "unknown"
│ ├─ basis [enum] (M) // e.g., "corporate_position", "contractual"
│ ├─ voting_percentage (Decimal) (M) // Percentage of voting rights (0–100)
│ ├─ appointment_rights (tstr) (O) // Free text details on appointment rights
│ ├─ other_details (tstr) (O) // Free text for other control mechanisms
│ └─ rights [String] (M) // "dividend_rights" | "liquidation_rights"
├─ effective_date (date) (M) // ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD
└─ evidence [1..n] (M) // At least one evidence entry required
│ ├─ id (tstr) (M) // Unique identifier, URI, or URN
│ ├─ type (tstr) (M) // Evidence type, see Section 2.8.9
│ ├─ url (uri) (O) // URI to publicly accessible source document
│ └─ data (base64) (O) // Base64-encoded, required if url absent
Note: M - mandatory / O - optional.
Explanation:
- The attestation SHALL contain at least one Controller entry of type = "Person" to comply
with AML requirements mandating identification of the natural persons who ultimately exercise
control over the entity.
- The attestation MAY contain zero or more Controller entries of type = "Entity"
representing intermediate legal entities or legal arrangements in the control chain.
- Each Controller entry SHALL include:
- type (mandatory enum: "Person" or "Entity")
- jurisdiction (mandatory, ISO 3166-1 alpha-2)
- address (mandatory, residential address for Person, registered address for Entity)
- controls (mandatory, at least one record describing how control is exercised)
- effective_date (mandatory, date when this control became effective)
- evidence (mandatory, at least one piece of supporting evidence)
- For each
Controlleroftype = "Person": - The
personobject SHALL be present and theentityobject SHALL be absent. first_nameandsurnameSHALL be present.birth_dateis OPTIONAL but SHOULD be included where available.-
At least one
controlsrecord SHALL be present, including:type, SHALL use values from Section 4.4.3level, SHALL use values from Section 4.4.2basis, SHALL use values from Section 4.4.4rights, SHALL use values from Section 4.4.5
-
For each
Controlleroftype = "Entity": - The
entityobject SHALL be present and thepersonobject SHALL be absent. categorySHALL be present and SHALL be one of"legal_entity"or"legal_arrangement".nameSHALL be present (complete official registered name).identifierSHALL contain at least one of:euid,lei,tax, orother.jurisdictionSHALL be present (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2).formSHALL be present and SHALL use a value from Section 4.4.6.-
At least one
controlsrecord SHALL be present. -
When
entity.category = "legal_arrangement"ORentity.form = "trust", thesubtype_infoobject SHALL be present and SHALL include: settlement, the instrument establishing the legal arrangementpurpose, the declared purpose of the arrangementassets, description of assets held within the arrangement-
reason_for_registrationis OPTIONAL -
Each
Controllerentry SHALL include at least oneevidenceentry. Each evidence entry SHALL include: id, unique identifier, URI, or URN of the source documenttype, SHALL use values from Section 4.4.9-
data, base64-encoded document, SHALL be provided ifurlis absent or not publicly accessible -
controls.typeSHALL be an array allowing multiple concurrent control mechanism types to be declared for a single controller. controls.levelSHALL use one of:"direct","indirect","joint", or"unknown"as defined in Section 4.4.2.controls.rightsSHALL be an array and SHALL use values from Section 4.4.5.effective_dateSHALL follow ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD format.
Attestation Classification:
This attestation type MAY be classified as:
- EAA within the EUBW Wallet ecosystem, when self-issued by the legal entity subject to
the control disclosure (i.e., the entity issues an attestation about its own control
structure).
- QEAA when issued by a qualified trust service provider (QTSP) or authorized competent
body that can independently attest the control structure (e.g., based on official company
register data, audited financial statements, or notarized documentation).
Terms primarily relevant to a Person controller:
| Term | Reference | Definition in Control Context |
|---|---|---|
seniorManagingOfficial |
controls.type: voting_rights |
An individual exercising control through senior management position |
boardMember |
controls.type: board |
An individual on the board exercising collective or individual control |
boardChair |
controls.type: board |
An individual leading the board with significant control |
nominee |
controls.type: nominee |
A person acting on behalf of another (indirect control mechanism) |
nominator |
controls.type: nominee |
The person who actually controls through a nominee arrangement |
Terms primarily relevant to an Entity controller (as legal_entity or legal_arrangement):
| Term | Reference | Definition in Control Context |
|---|---|---|
voting_rights |
controls.type: voting_rights |
Voting rights held through shares by a person or entity |
appointment_rights |
controls.type: appointment_rights |
Right to appoint board members, held by a person or entity |
agreements |
controls.type: agreements |
Control through contractual or constitutional agreements |
dominance |
controls.type: dominance |
Ability to exercise dominant influence |
contractual |
controls.type: contractual |
Rights granted via formal or informal contract |
conditionalRightsGrantedByContract |
controls.type: contractual |
Conditional contractual rights |
controlViaCompanyRulesOrArticles |
controls.type: agreements |
Control defined by company articles |
controlByLegalFramework |
controls.basis: legal_framework |
Control applied by applicable legal framework |
settlor |
controls.type: agreements |
Person or entity creating a trust (legal arrangement) |
trustee |
controls.type: agreements |
Person or entity administering a trust (legal arrangement) |
protector |
controls.type: agreements |
Person or entity protecting trust interests |
beneficiaryOfLegalArrangement |
controls.type: other_means_of_control |
Person or entity benefiting from a trust arrangement |
3.2 Mandatory attributes
Controller Top-Level Mandatory Attributes (applies to all Controller entries)
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
type |
, | Discriminator field, SHALL be "Person" or "Entity". Determines which sub-object is present |
Enum (String) |
jurisdiction |
, | Country of legal relevance for this controller entry, ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 | String |
address |
, | Address of the controller, residential for Person, registered for Entity |
Address Object |
controls |
, | At least one controls record describing how control is exercised | Array [Object] |
effective_date |
, | Date when this control relationship became legally effective, ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD | Date |
evidence |
, | At least one piece of supporting evidence substantiating the declared control | Array [Object] |
Person Controller Mandatory Attributes (present when type = "Person")
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
person.first_name |
, | First name(s) of the natural person, including middle name(s) where applicable | String |
person.surname |
, | Last name(s) or surname(s) of the natural person controller | String |
Entity Controller Mandatory Attributes (present when type = "Entity")
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
entity.category |
, | Classification, SHALL be "legal_entity" or "legal_arrangement" |
Enum (String) |
entity.name |
, | Complete official registered name of the entity or legal arrangement | String |
entity.identifier |
, | At least one of: euid, lei, tax, or other SHALL be present |
Object |
entity.jurisdiction |
, | ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 jurisdiction in which the entity is registered or legally domiciled | String |
entity.form |
, | The form of the entity, SHALL use values from Section 4.4.6 | String |
entity.legal_form |
, | Legal form of the entity | String |
Entity Identifier Fields (at least one SHALL be present)
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
entity.identifier.euid |
, | European Unique Identifier, optional | String |
entity.identifier.lei |
, | Legal Entity Identifier per ISO 17442, optional | String |
entity.identifier.tax |
, | National tax or registration number, optional | String |
entity.identifier.other |
, | Any other applicable legal identifier, optional | String |
Legal Arrangement Additional Mandatory Attributes (present when entity.category = "legal_arrangement" or entity.form = "trust")
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
entity.subtype_info.settlement |
, | Instrument or document establishing the legal arrangement (e.g., trust deed) | String |
entity.subtype_info.purpose |
, | Declared purpose of the legal arrangement | String |
entity.subtype_info.assets |
, | Description of assets held within the legal arrangement | String |
Address Mandatory Attributes (applies to all Controller entries)
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
address.street |
, | Street name of the address | String |
address.house_number |
, | House or building number | String |
address.locality |
, | City or locality | String |
address.region |
, | State, province, or region | String |
address.postal_code |
, | Postal or ZIP code | String |
address.country |
, | ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, SHALL use values from Section 4.4.7 | String |
Controls Mandatory Attributes (at least one record per Controller entry)
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
controls.type |
Section 4.4.3 | Array of one or more control mechanism types, SHALL use values from Section 4.4.3 | Array [Enum] |
controls.level |
Section 4.4.2 | How control is held, SHALL be one of: "direct", "indirect", "joint", or "unknown" |
Enum (String) |
controls.basis |
Section 4.4.4 | Legal or structural basis for control, SHALL use values from Section 4.4.4 | Enum (String) |
controls.rights |
Section 4.4.5 | Array of economic rights associated with the control, SHALL use values from Section 4.4.5 | Array [Enum] |
controls.voting_percentage |
, | Percentage of voting rights held, decimal value in range 0–100 | Decimal |
Evidence Mandatory Attributes (at least one entry per Controller entry)
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
evidence[n].id |
, | Unique identifier, URI, or URN of the source or evidence document | String |
evidence[n].type |
, | Type of evidence document, SHALL use a value from Section 4.4.9 (e.g., officialRegister, governanceChart, trustDeed, shareholderAgreement) |
String |
3.3 Optional attributes
Person Controller Optional Attributes
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
person.birth_date |
, | Date of birth of the natural person controller, ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD | Date |
Legal Arrangement Optional Attributes (when entity.category = "legal_arrangement")
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
entity.subtype_info.reason_for_registration |
, | The reason the legal arrangement was formally registered | String |
Controls Optional Attributes
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
controls.appointment_rights |
, | Free text details on appointment rights | String |
controls.other_details |
, | Free text for other control mechanisms not captured by structured fields | String |
Evidence Optional Attributes
| Data Identifier | Semantic Reference | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
evidence[n].url |
, | URI reference to the publicly accessible source or evidence document | URI |
evidence[n].data |
, | Base64-encoded source document, SHALL be provided if url is absent or not publicly accessible |
String (base64) |
3.4 Conditional attributes
| Condition | Applicable Attributes | Rule |
|---|---|---|
type = "Person" |
person.* block |
The person object SHALL be present and the entity object SHALL be absent |
type = "Entity" |
entity.* block |
The entity object SHALL be present and the person object SHALL be absent |
entity.category = "legal_arrangement" |
entity.subtype_info.settlement, entity.subtype_info.purpose, entity.subtype_info.assets |
The subtype_info object SHALL be present and all three fields SHALL be populated |
entity.form = "trust" |
entity.subtype_info.settlement, entity.subtype_info.purpose, entity.subtype_info.assets |
The subtype_info object SHALL be present and all three fields SHALL be populated |
evidence[n].url is absent or not publicly accessible |
evidence[n].data |
evidence[n].data (base64-encoded) SHALL be provided |
4 Metadata
Metadata describes the attestation rather than its subject.
4.1 Mandatory metadata
| Data Identifier | Definition | Data type |
|---|---|---|
| attestation_legal_category | Indicates the legal category of the AuthorisedSignatories Attestation ("EAA") | String |
| cnf | cryptographic Key Binding | String |
Note: Only the additional mandatory attributes are listed; the mandatory attributes defined by the protocol are not specified.
Legal category. This Rulebook retains the attestation_legal_category attribute.
Section 4.1 of the generic template replaces it with the category attribute of
[ETSI TS 119 472-1], whose value for this category is eaa:eu:non-qualified.
EW-DM-12-029, legacy ARB_25, of ARF version 3.0.0 is a SHALL that still requires
attestation_legal_category, so the template and the ARF disagree. The attribute is
left as written and the deviation is recorded for the rulebook quality assurance group.
4.2 Optional metadata
| Data Identifier | Definition | Data type |
|---|---|---|
| trust_anchor_url | URL where the trust anchor for verifying this attestation can be retrieved | URI |
| schema_version | Version of the schema used for this attestation | String |
4.3 Conditional metadata
No conditional metadata elements are defined for this attestation type.
4.4 Code lists
4.4.1 controller.type Values
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
Person |
The controller is a natural person (individual) |
Entity |
The controller is a legal entity or legal arrangement, further qualified by entity.category |
4.4.2 controls.level Values
| Code | Definition |
|---|---|
direct |
Control exercised directly over the subject entity without intermediary entities |
indirect |
Control exercised through one or more intermediary legal entities or arrangements |
joint |
Control exercised jointly with one or more other persons or entities |
unknown |
Control structure cannot be determined at the time of attestation |
4.4.3 controls.type Values
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
voting_rights |
Control through a majority of voting rights at general meetings |
appointment_rights |
The right to appoint or remove a majority of the board of directors or management body |
agreements |
Control through contractual agreements, articles of association, or other binding arrangements |
dominance |
The ability to exercise dominant influence or control |
other_means_of_control |
Control exercised through means not explicitly listed, but resulting in significant influence |
board |
Control exercised through the right to appoint or remove members of the board of directors or supervisory board |
veto |
Control exercised through veto rights over major corporate decisions (e.g., M&A, capital increases, dissolution) |
contractual |
Control exercised through formal or informal agreements (e.g., shareholders' agreements, management agreements) |
nominee |
Control exercised through nominee shareholders, nominee directors, or other nominee arrangements |
profit_distribution |
Control exercised through the right to control the distribution of profits |
Note: Multiple mechanism types MAY apply to a single controller. In such cases,
controls.typeSHALL be encoded as an array containing all applicable values.
4.4.4 controls.basis Values
| Code | Definition |
|---|---|
corporate_position |
Control derives from a formal position within the corporate governance structure (e.g., director, executive officer) |
shareholding |
Control derives from ownership of shares conferring voting or governance rights |
contractual |
Control derives from a contractual arrangement (e.g., shareholders' agreement, management agreement) |
legal_framework |
Control derives from the applicable legal or regulatory framework |
trust_arrangement |
Control derives from a role within a trust or legal arrangement (e.g., trustee, protector) |
other |
Control derives from a basis not covered by the above categories |
4.4.5 controls.rights Values
| Code | Definition |
|---|---|
dividend_rights |
Right to receive a share of profits distributed by the entity |
liquidation_rights |
Right to receive a share of assets upon dissolution of the entity |
4.4.6 entity.form Values
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
private_company |
A privately held company |
public_company |
A publicly listed company |
partnership |
A general or limited partnership |
limited_partnership |
A limited partnership with defined liability |
trust |
A legal arrangement where assets are held by trustees for beneficiaries |
foundation |
A legal arrangement established for charitable or private purposes |
cooperative |
A cooperative entity |
state_owned_enterprise |
A state-owned or state-controlled commercial entity |
other |
Other legal form not covered above |
4.4.7 Country Codes
controller.jurisdiction, entity.jurisdiction, and address.country SHALL use
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 two-letter country codes.
4.4.8 Date Formats
All date attributes (e.g., effective_date, person.birth_date) SHALL follow the
ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD format.
4.4.9 Evidence Type Values
| Code | Applicable To | Definition |
|---|---|---|
officialRegister |
Person, Entity | Control verified from an official company or governance register |
selfDeclaration |
Person, Entity | The controller themselves declared their control interest |
thirdPartyVerification |
Person, Entity | Control confirmed by a verified third party (e.g., auditor, notary) |
trustDeed |
Entity | Legal document establishing a trust structure |
shareholderAgreement |
Person, Entity | Agreement defining the control or ownership structure |
articlesOfAssociation |
Entity | Constitutional document defining governance rights and control |
governanceChart |
Entity | Organizational chart showing the control structure |
4.5 Integrity rules
The following integrity rules SHALL be enforced during issuance and verification:
| Rule ID | Rule |
|---|---|
| IR-01 | The controller array SHALL contain at least one entry |
| IR-02 | At least one Controller entry SHALL be of type = "Person" to satisfy AML requirements mandating identification of natural persons who ultimately control the entity |
| IR-03 | If controller.type = "Person", the person object SHALL be present and the entity object SHALL be absent |
| IR-04 | If controller.type = "Entity", the entity object SHALL be present and the person object SHALL be absent |
| IR-05 | If entity.category = "legal_arrangement" or entity.form = "trust", the subtype_info object SHALL be present and settlement, purpose, and assets SHALL all be populated |
| IR-06 | entity.identifier SHALL contain at least one of: euid, lei, tax, or other |
| IR-07 | controls.type SHALL be an array containing at least one value from Section 4.4.3 |
| IR-08 | controls.level SHALL use one of the values defined in Section 4.4.2 |
| IR-09 | controls.basis SHALL use one of the values defined in Section 4.4.4 |
| IR-10 | controls.rights SHALL be an array containing at least one value from Section 4.4.5 |
| IR-11 | controls.voting_percentage, SHALL be a decimal value in the range 0–100 |
| IR-12 | Each Controller entry SHALL contain at least one evidence entry |
| IR-13 | Each evidence entry SHALL contain a non-empty id and type |
| IR-14 | If evidence[n].url is absent or not publicly accessible, evidence[n].data (base64-encoded) SHALL be provided |
| IR-15 | evidence[n].type SHALL use a value from Section 4.4.9 |
| IR-16 | All date fields (e.g., effective_date, person.birth_date) SHALL conform to ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD format |
| IR-17 | All jurisdiction and country fields (controller.jurisdiction, entity.jurisdiction, address.country) SHALL use ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes |
| IR-18 | entity.form SHALL use a value from Section 4.4.6 |
| IR-19 | Each Controller entry SHALL contain a non-empty effective_date |
5 Formats
| Format | Supported | Identifier | Specification | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO/IEC 18013-5 mdoc | no | [ISO/IEC 18013-5] | Out of scope, see section 5.2 | |
| SD-JWT VC | yes | see section 5.1 | [SD-JWT VC], [HAIP] | |
| W3C VCDM | no | [W3C VCDM v2.0] | Not defined in this version, see section 5.3 |
5.1 SD-JWT VC-based encoding
The Control Attestation uses the SD-JWT VC format to allow for selective disclosure of control structure attributes.
Selective Disclosure: Top-level claims (controller, evidence) SHALL be individually selectively disclosable, enabling a legal entity to disclose only the attributes requested by a Relying Party.
The . notation is used to indicate the nesting of attributes.
Verifiable Credential Type (vct): eu.we-build:control:1
5.1.1 Attribute Encoding Table
| Data Identifier | Attribute Identifier | Encoding Format | Reference / Notes | Disclosable |
|---|---|---|---|---|
controller |
controller |
Array [Controller] | SHALL contain at least one entry | MUST |
type |
controller[n].type |
String | "Person" | "Entity" |
MUST |
| Person | ||||
first_name |
controller[n].person.first_name |
String | SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
surname |
controller[n].person.surname |
String | SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
birth_date |
controller[n].person.birth_date |
String (ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD) | Optional | MAY |
| Entity | ||||
category |
controller[n].entity.category |
String | "legal_entity" | "legal_arrangement" |
MUST |
name |
controller[n].entity.name |
String | SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
euid |
controller[n].entity.identifier.euid |
String | European Unique Identifier, optional; at least one identifier field SHALL be present | MAY |
lei |
controller[n].entity.identifier.lei |
String (20 chars) | LEI per ISO 17442, optional | MAY |
tax |
controller[n].entity.identifier.tax |
String | National tax or registration number, optional | MAY |
other |
controller[n].entity.identifier.other |
String | Any other applicable identifier, optional | MAY |
jurisdiction |
controller[n].entity.jurisdiction |
String (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2) | SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
legal_form |
controller[n].entity.legal_form |
String | The legal_form | MUST |
form |
controller[n].entity.form |
String | SHALL use values from Section 4.4.6 | MUST |
| subtype_info | controller[n].entity.subtype_info |
Object | Mandatory when entity.category = "legal_arrangement" or entity.form = "trust" |
MUST (conditional) |
settlement |
controller[n].entity.subtype_info.settlement |
String | Mandatory when subtype_info is present |
MUST (conditional) |
purpose |
controller[n].entity.subtype_info.purpose |
String | Mandatory when subtype_info is present |
MUST (conditional) |
assets |
controller[n].entity.subtype_info.assets |
String | Mandatory when subtype_info is present |
MUST (conditional) |
reason_for_registration |
controller[n].entity.subtype_info.reason_for_registration |
String | Optional | MAY |
| Address | ||||
street |
controller[n].address.street |
String | SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
house_number |
controller[n].address.house_number |
String | SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
locality |
controller[n].address.locality |
String | SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
region |
controller[n].address.region |
String | SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
postal_code |
controller[n].address.postal_code |
String | SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
country |
controller[n].address.country |
String (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2) | SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
| Controls | ||||
type |
controller[n].controls.type |
Array of Strings | SHALL use values from Section 4.4.3, at least one required | MUST |
level |
controller[n].controls.level |
String | SHALL use values from Section 4.4.2 | MUST |
basis |
controller[n].controls.basis |
String | SHALL use values from Section 4.4.4 | MUST |
voting_percentage |
controller[n].controls.voting_percentage |
Decimal (0–100) | Percentage of voting rights, optional | MAY |
appointment_rights |
controller[n].controls.appointment_rights |
String | Free text, optional | MAY |
other_details |
controller[n].controls.other_details |
String | Free text for other control mechanisms, optional | MAY |
rights |
controller[n].controls.rights |
Array of Strings | SHALL use values from Section 4.4.5 | MUST |
effective_date |
controller[n].effective_date |
String (ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD) | Date control became effective, SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
| Evidence | ||||
id |
controller[n].evidence[m].id |
String | Unique identifier, URI, or URN, SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
type |
controller[n].evidence[m].type |
String | SHALL use values from Section 4.4.9, SHALL be non-empty | MUST |
url |
controller[n].evidence[m].url |
URI | URI reference to source document, optional | MAY |
data |
controller[n].evidence[m].data |
String (base64) | Base64-encoded source, SHALL be provided if url not publicly accessible |
MAY |
| Metadata | ||||
issuance_date |
iat |
Number (Unix timestamp) | Date and time when the attestation was issued (ISO 8601); RFC 7519 | MUST NOT |
expiry_date |
exp |
Number (Unix timestamp) | Date and time when the attestation expires (ISO 8601); RFC 7519 | MUST NOT |
issuing_entity |
iss |
String (URI or DID) | Identifier of the competent institution that issued the attestation; RFC 7519 | MUST NOT |
attestation_legal_category |
attestation_legal_category |
String | One of "EAA" or "QEAA" as defined by eIDAS 2 | MUST NOT |
vct |
vct |
String | The vct definition | MUST NOT |
cnf |
cnf |
String | Cryptographic Key Binding | MUST NOT |
schema_version |
schema_version |
String | Version of the schema used; optional | MAY |
trust_anchor_url |
trust_anchor_url |
String (URI) | URL where the trust anchor for verifying this attestation can be retrieved; optional | MAY |
Notes:
- MUST: The claim SHALL be selectively disclosable, the holder MAY choose to disclose or withhold this claim when presenting the credential to a Relying Party.
- MUST NOT: The claim SHALL NOT be selectively disclosable, it is always present in plain text in the JWT header/payload and cannot be withheld by the holder, as it is required for credential verification and trust establishment.
- MUST (conditional): The claim SHALL be selectively disclosable and SHALL be present when the specified condition is met.
controllerentries are indexed as[n]wherenstarts at0; at least one controller SHALL be present, and at least one SHALL be oftype = "Person".evidenceentries within each controller are indexed as[m]wheremstarts at0; at least one evidence entry SHALL be present per controller.iat,exp, andissfollow RFC 7519 standard JWT claim naming conventions.
5.1.2 Status Claim
For SD-JWT VC-compliant Control Attestations, the attestation MUST include a status claim if
the technical validity period is greater than 24 hours. This claim enables Relying Parties to
determine if a credential has been revoked via a status list mechanism, as specified in SD-JWT VC.
The status claim SHALL be a JSON object with the following members:
| Field | Type | Value / Constraint |
|---|---|---|
type |
String | SHALL be "status-list" |
status_list_credential |
String (URI) | URI of the Status List Credential document containing the status bitstring |
status_list_index |
Integer (>= 0) | Zero-based index into the status list bitstring for this credential |
status_purpose |
String | SHALL be "revocation" |
Example:
{
"status": {
"type": "status-list",
"status_list_credential": "https://issuer.example.com/status/control/2025",
"status_list_index": 456,
"status_purpose": "revocation"
}
}
3.2.3 Example Payload
The following is a non-normative example of a Control Attestation SD-JWT VC payload demonstrating a natural person controller, a legal entity controller, and a legal arrangement controller:
{
"vct": "eu.we-build:control:1",
"iss": "https://issuer.example.com",
"iat": 1736935200,
"exp": 1768471200,
"attestation_legal_category": "EAA",
"schema_version": "0.9.0",
"trust_anchor_url": "https://trust.webuildconsortium.eu/anchors/eidas-tl",
"controller": [
{
"type": "Person",
"jurisdiction": "DE",
"person": {
"first_name": "Alice",
"surname": "Smith",
"birth_date": "1975-03-20"
},
"address": {
"street": "Hauptstrasse",
"house_number": "10",
"locality": "Berlin",
"region": "Berlin",
"postal_code": "10115",
"country": "DE"
},
"controls": {
"type": ["voting_rights", "board"],
"level": "direct",
"basis": "shareholding",
"voting_percentage": 60.0,
"appointment_rights": "Right to appoint majority of supervisory board",
"rights": ["dividend_rights", "liquidation_rights"]
},
"effective_date": "2020-01-15",
"evidence": [
{
"id": "src-001",
"type": "officialRegister",
"url": "https://example.com/docs/shareholder-register-2024.pdf"
}
]
},
{
"type": "Entity",
"jurisdiction": "DE",
"entity": {
"category": "legal_entity",
"name": "HoldCo GmbH",
"identifier": {
"euid": "DE987654321",
"lei": "529900T8BM49AURSDO55",
"tax": "DE123456789"
},
"jurisdiction": "DE",
"form": "private_company",
"legal_form":"GmbH"
},
"address": {
"street": "Musterstraße",
"house_number": "45",
"locality": "Frankfurt",
"region": "Hessen",
"postal_code": "60311",
"country": "DE"
},
"controls": {
"type": ["nominee", "voting_rights"],
"level": "indirect",
"basis": "shareholding",
"voting_percentage": 40.0,
"rights": ["dividend_rights"]
},
"effective_date": "2019-06-01",
"evidence": [
{
"id": "src-002",
"type": "governanceChart",
"url": "https://example.com/docs/governance-chart-2024.pdf"
}
]
},
{
"type": "Entity",
"jurisdiction": "LU",
"entity": {
"category": "legal_arrangement",
"name": "Smith Family Trust",
"identifier": {
"lei": "549300ABCDEF12345678"
},
"jurisdiction": "LU",
"form": "trust",
"subtype_info": {
"settlement": "Settled under Luxembourg trust law on 2015-03-01",
"purpose": "Family wealth management and succession planning",
"assets": "Real estate, securities portfolios, and cash holdings",
"reason_for_registration": "Registered for tax transparency under CRS"
}
},
"address": {
"street": "Rue de la Forêt",
"house_number": "7",
"locality": "Luxembourg",
"region": "Luxembourg",
"postal_code": "L-1234",
"country": "LU"
},
"controls": {
"type": ["agreements", "other_means_of_control"],
"level": "indirect",
"basis": "trust_arrangement",
"voting_percentage": 0.0,
"other_details": "Control exercised through trustee appointment rights over beneficiary assets",
"rights": ["dividend_rights", "liquidation_rights"]
},
"effective_date": "2015-03-01",
"evidence": [
{
"id": "src-003",
"type": "trustDeed",
"url": "https://example.com/docs/trust-deed-2015.pdf"
}
]
}
],
"status": {
"type": "status-list",
"status_list_credential": "https://issuer.example.com/status/control/2025",
"status_list_index": 456,
"status_purpose": "revocation"
},
"cnf": {
"jwk": {
"kty": "EC",
"crv": "P-256",
"x": "TCAER19Zvu3OHF4j4W4vfSVoHIP1ILilDls7vCeGemc",
"y": "ZxjiWWbZMQGHVWKVQ4hbSIirsVfuecCE6t4jT9F2HZQ"
}
}
}
Sample payloads are provided under ../data-schemas/sd-jwt/sample-data/control-sd-jwt-sample.json
5.2 ISO/IEC 18013-5-compliant encoding
ISO/IEC 18013-5 (mdoc) is out of scope for this Rulebook, as offline proximity presentation is not a current requirement for the Control Attestation.
5.3 W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model-based encoding
This Rulebook does not define a W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model encoding for this attestation type.
6 Protocols
6.1 Issuance
This attestation is issued using OpenID for Verifiable Credential Issuance [OpenID4VCI], as profiled by [HAIP].
6.2 Presentation
This attestation is presented using OpenID for Verifiable Presentations [OpenID4VP]. Only remote presentation is in scope, consistent with chapter 5, which records the mdoc encoding as out of scope.
7 Issuance
7.1 Binding
| Field | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Device-bound | MAY | EW-DM-12-038 |
| Cryptographically bound to | none | EW-DM-12-032 |
| Relying Party must also verify a PID | no | EW-DM-12-031 |
| Binding subject | legal person |
7.2 Issuance Policy
For EAA (Self-Issued / Standard Issuance): - The issuer (i.e., the legal entity itself) issues the attestation based on the information and supporting documentation available at the time of issuance. - The issuer is responsible for ensuring that the attested information remains accurate and must immediately revoke the attestation if any change occurs that affects the validity or accuracy of the underlying data.
For QEAA (Qualified Issuance): - The issuer-either a Qualified Trust Service Provider (QTSP) or another authorized competent body-must issue and verify the attestation exclusively on the basis of authoritative sources, such as official company register data or audited financial statements. - The issuer is also responsible for maintaining a high level of assurance throughout the attestation's validity period by continuously monitoring the underlying information. If any change affecting the accuracy or validity of the attested data is detected, the issuer must promptly revoke the attestation.
The Issuer SHALL implement the base issuer obligation as defined in the Issuer Obligation specification: https://github.com/webuild-consortium/webuild-attestation-rulebooks-catalog/blob/main/rulebooks/rb-base/verifier-base-verification.md#41-issuer-obligations
7.3 Lifecycle management
The issuer sets the validity period of the attestation and reissues it when the underlying facts change, revoking the superseded attestation as described in chapter 8.
7.4 Embedded disclosure policy
This attestation defines no embedded disclosure policy.
8 Revocation
An attestation SHALL remain valid only while its underlying information is accurate, complete, and legally effective.
Revocation Mechanism - Token Status List: The issuer must maintain an active IETF Token Status List (aligned with the Attestation Status List mechanism specified by the EU Commission). - Credential Metadata: The metadata status_list must be populated in every issued CompanyInfo attestation, referencing the status list URI and the credential's specific index.
Authorized Authority: Only the authorized issuer (the QTSP/competent body for QEAA, or the self-issuing legal entity for EAA) may modify the status list entry.
Revocation Triggers & Business Rules - QEAA Trigger (Automatic): The QTSP/competent body must actively monitor official company register data and audited financial statements. Any detected discrepancy or change in the company registry must automatically trigger revocation of the QEAA. - EAA Trigger (Manual Obligation): The self-issuing legal entity is under strict obligation to immediately update or revoke its EAA if its available documents, financial thresholds, or ownership structures change.
Relying Party Action: A revoked or suspended attestation must be treated as invalid for credential-validity purposes by all RPs. The business interpretation is determined by the Relying Party's internal compliance policies.
9 Presentation
Base Verification Process
The Relying Party SHALL perform the base attestation verification process as defined in the Base Verification specification: https://github.com/webuild-consortium/webuild-attestation-rulebooks-catalog/blob/main/rulebooks/rb-base/verifier-base-verification.md#42-relying-party-obligations
9.1 Presentation Policy
To verify and validate a received presentation of an attestation of this type, the following steps SHALL be performed:
- verify the signature over the attestation using a trust anchor obtained as described in chapter 10;
- verify that the attestation is within its validity period;
- check revocation status as described in chapter 8, unless the attestation is short-lived, or its remaining lifetime is below the revocation time threshold;
- verify device binding where section 7.1 records the attestation as device-bound;
- request only those attributes that are necessary for the stated purpose of the transaction, and, where the trust model for this attestation requires Relying Party registration, only those attributes it is registered and authorised to request.
Obligations specific to this attestation type, carried over from the Relying Party obligations of the previous version of this Rulebook:
When receiving and processing an attestation, the Relying Party SHALL perform the following verification obligations.
9.2 Presentation modes
Remote presentation is in scope. Proximity presentation is not in scope, consistent with chapter 5, which records the mdoc encoding as out of scope.
9.3 Transactional data
This Rulebook defines no transactional data.
10 Trust Framework
The trust anchor is obtained as described in the branch below that corresponds to the legal category under which the attestation was issued.
This chapter specifies the trust anchor mechanisms used by Relying Parties to establish trust in the issuer of an Electronic Attestation of Attributes (EAA) or a Qualified Electronic Attestation of Attributes (QEAA). The corresponding verification procedures are defined in Sections 4.2.2–4.2.4.
Qualified Electronic Attestations of Attributes (QEAAs)
For QEAAs, trust is established through the X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and the applicable Trust List of Licensees (TLOL). The issuer's certificate chain, including the intermediate certificate contained in the QEAA header, SHALL be validated up to a trusted root certificate. This validation SHALL be performed using the applicable TLOL, taking into account the trust list state applicable at the time of issuance.
Successful certificate chain validation establishes that: - the issuer's certificate was recognized within the applicable trust framework; - the issuer's identity has been validated by the supervisory authority during inclusion in the TLOL; and - the issuer satisfies the trust requirements applicable to QEAAs.
In addition, the Relying Party MAY apply further authorization checks based on its internal policies, such as maintaining a whitelist of accepted QEAA providers.
Electronic Attestations of Attributes (EAAs)
For EAAs, trust is established through a cryptographic chain anchored in the Electronic Business Wallet Owner Identity Document (EBWOID). The EBWOID SHALL be included in the header of every EAA. During EBWOID issuance, the EBWOID provider verifies that the public key contained in the EBWOID is owned by the Electronic Business Wallet (EBW) owner.
The Relying Party SHALL verify the EBWOID in accordance with the verification procedure defined in this Rulebook. Upon successful verification, the Relying Party obtains: - assurance that the EBWOID was issued by an authorized provider and is not self-issued; - the verified identity of the issuer, including its name and EUID (or another globally unique EBW owner identifier); and - the public key authorized to verify the EAA signature.
Authorization of the issuer is subsequently determined in accordance with the Relying Party's internal policies. Such authorization MAY be based on locally maintained wallet configuration or on trusted jurisdiction- or domain-specific trust list services that identify issuers authorized for a particular type of EAA
Trust anchor location
The attribute or metadata carrying the trust anchor location contains at least the URL at which a machine-readable version can be found or looked up.
11 References
| Item Reference | Standard name/details |
|---|---|
| [European Digital Identity Regulation] | Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 April 2024 amending Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 as regards establishing the European Digital Identity Framework |
| [AMLR 2024/1624] | Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing |
| [HAIP] | Yasuda, K. et al, OpenID4VC High Assurance Interoperability Profile, OpenId Foundation, Version draft-03 |
| [IANA-JWT-Claims] | IANA JSON Web Token Claims Registry. Available: https://www.iana.org/assignments/jwt/jwt.xhtml |
| [ICAO 9303] | ICAO Doc 9303, Machine Readable Travel Documents. Available: https://www.icao.int/publications/pages/publication.aspx?docnum=9303 |
| [ISO/IEC 18013-5] | ISO/IEC 18013-5, Personal identification, ISO-compliant driving licence - Part 5: Mobile driving licence (mDL) application, First edition, 2021-09 |
| [ISO 3166-1] | ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions. Available: https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html |
| [ISO 8601] | ISO 8601, Date and time format. Available: https://www.iso.org/iso-8601-date-and-time-format.html |
| [OIDC] | Sakimura, N. et al., "OpenID Connect Core 1.0", OpenID Foundation. Available: https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html |
| [RFC 2119] | RFC 2119, Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels, S. Bradner, March 1997 |
| [RFC 3339] | RFC 3339, Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps, G. Klyne et al., July 2002 |
| [RFC 7519] | RFC 7519, JSON Web Token (JWT), M. Jones et al., May 2015 |
| [RFC 8610] | RFC 8610, Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL): A Notational Convention to Express Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and JSON Data Structures, H. Birkholz et al., June 2019 |
| [RFC 8943] | RFC 8943, Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) Tags for Date, M. Jones et al., November 2020 |
| [RFC 8949] | RFC 8949, Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR), C. Bormann et al., December 2020 |
| [SD-JWT VC] | SD-JWT-based Verifiable Credentials (SD-JWT VC). Available: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-oauth-sd-jwt-vc/, version draft-ietf-oauth-sd-jwt-vc-09 |
| [Topic 7] | ARF Annex 2 - Topic 7 - Attestation revocation and revocation checking. Available: https://eu-digital-identity-wallet.github.io/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/latest/annexes/annex-2/annex-2-high-level-requirements/#a237-topic-7-attestation-revocation-and-revocation-checking |